Shaykh Tusi

 ( 996 Births ) 

Shaykh Tūsī (), full name Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Tūsī (), known as Shaykh al-Ta'ifah () was a Twelver Shia Muslim scholar, jurist, Tafsir, theologian and hadith compiler of Persian people descent.

He is the author of two of the Four Books of Shia hadith; namely, Tahdhib al-Ahkam and al-Istibsar, and is believed to have founded the Hawza Najaf. In addition, he was a scholar of ʾUṣūl al-Fiqh (Principles of Islamic jurisprudence) and is widely acknowledged as one of the most influential thinkers in Shi’i history.

Hamid Dabashi (1988). 9780887066894, SUNY Press. . ISBN 9780887066894

---

Life Shaykh Tusi was born 995 Anno Domini in Tus, Iran, and by 1018 AD he was living under the rule of the Buyid dynasty.

(1989). 9780887068447, SUNY Press. . ISBN 9780887068447

Tusi's birth is considered a miracle, as he was born after the twelfth Imam of Shia, al-Mahdi's,

Sayyid Saeed Akhtar Rizvi9789976956672, Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania. . ISBN 9789976956672

supplications. He started his education in Tus, where he mastered many of the Islamic sciences of that period.

ʻAlī Nāṣirī (2013). 9781907905087, MIU Press. . ISBN 9781907905087

Hamid Wahed Alikuzai (2013). 9781490714417, Trafford Publishing. . ISBN 9781490714417

He later studied in Baghdad, where he entered into the learning circles of al-Shaykh Al-Mufid (949–1022) as the paramount teacher. He started writing some of his earlier works in his twenties. By the time he was forty-two, he had learned from Shaykh Murtaza, attended the scholarly circle of Sunni scholars, and studied the Shafi'i school of fiqh.Devin J. Stewart, Islamic Legal Orthodoxy, 68–69.

Following the Seljuk Empire capture of Baghdad in 1055, sectarian fighting erupted in the city among Muslims, Sunnis and Shiites, with the Seljuks failing to halt the sectarian fighting. Many Shi'i schools, mosques and libraries were destroyed in the process. Shaykh Tusi's house was burnt down, and subsequently many of his books which he had written in Baghdad. He relocated to Najaf, where a small number of Shiites were based at the time, and started a school. He eventually died in Najaf on 2 December 1067.

(2025). 9780748631902, Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9780748631902

---

Influence Tusi had an important role in the formation and revival of Shia jurisprudence and law, as his life coincided with the burning of books and libraries.

Sayyid Saeed Akhtar Rizvi9789987620234, Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania. . ISBN 9789987620234

It is even said that he revived hadith and Islamic jurisprudence. He defended the application of jurisprudence in respect to religious laws. One of his main accomplishments was that he was successful in propagation and making his methodology of argumentation and inference coherent: he had given to Shaykh Mufid a definite formulation of Ijtihad. His dominance was unrivaled for a long time and nearly all Islamic jurisprudence was affected by Tusi's opinions. Some of Tusi's works show that he was influenced by precedent jurists like Sallar Deylami.Al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī: His Writings on Theology and their Reception* Hassan Ansari and Sabine Schmidtke,p.477 Tusi's influence persisted until Ibn Idris al-Hilli, who criticized some of Tusi's views.

(2012). 9781908433060, EWI Press. . ISBN 9781908433060

He also produced biographies ( ilm-rijal), traditions, and compendia of knowledge ( Fihrist). He started developments that allowed Shia clerics to assume some of the roles previously permitted to only imams, such as collecting and distributing religious taxes, and organizing Friday prayers.

---

Usuli School In conflict between the Akhbari and Usuli schools, Tusi defended the Usuli and claimed that the rival Akhbari were literalists. He believed in principles of jurisprudence as the fundamental knowledge in acquiring judgment in Islam,

(1980). 9789004061675, Brill Archive. . ISBN 9789004061675

and wrote in the introduction to one of his works:

He compared the positions of the different legal schools of Islam and showed that there is little difference between them.

(2001). 9781860647802, I.B.Tauris. . ISBN 9781860647802

Tusi, like his masters, refuted the legal analogy ( Qiyyas Fiqhi) in his manual of Usul Fiqh.

---

Importance of reason His emphasis was on the rational dimension of religion, underlining that principles like the commandment to good and prohibition of evil are indispensable according to reason.

Hiroyuki Mashita (2013). 9781136871986, Routledge. . ISBN 9781136871986

Shaykh Tusi also used rational arguments to validate consensus ( ijma) as derived from the principle of lutf. According to lutf, God must provide believers with the conditions for religious obedience.

Abdulaziz Abdulhussein Sachedina9781438418445, SUNY Press. . ISBN 9781438418445

---

Najaf Seminary According to some scholars, Tusi established the Hawza Najaf after migrating from Baghdad.

(2012). 9781908433060, EWI Press. . ISBN 9781908433060

---

Works Tusi wrote over fifty works in different Islamic branches of knowledge such as philosophy, hadith, theology, biography, historiography, exegesis, and tradition. Of the four authoritative sources of the Shiites, two are by Tusi: the basic reference books Tahdhib al-Ahkam and Al-Istibsar. Both of them pertain to hadiths of Islamic jurisprudence. Other books include:

• Al-Nihayah
• Al-Tibyan Fi Tafsir al-Quran
  (1998). 9780415185721, Taylor & Francis. . ISBN 9780415185721
• Al-Istibsar in 4 volumes
• Tahdhib Al-osul in two volumes
• Oddat Al-osul
  al-Qadi al-Numan (2015). 9780814771426, NYU Press. . ISBN 9780814771426
• Al-fatawa
• Al-Mabsut
  (2012). 9781908433039, EWI Press. . ISBN 9781908433039
• Al-Iqtisad Al Hadi Ila Tariq Al Rashad
  Amirhassan Boozari (2011). 9780230118461, Palgrave Macmillan. . ISBN 9780230118461
• Kitab al-Ghayba
  Yehoiakin ben Ya'ocov (2012). 9781449757458, WestBow Press. . ISBN 9781449757458
• Ekhtiyar Ma'refat Al- Rijal

---

See also

• Shia Islam
• Ja'fari jurisprudence
• The Four Books
• Holiest sites in Islam
• Sayyid Murtadhā
• Shaykh Mufid
• Shaykh al-Sadūq
• Muhammad al-Kulaynī
• Allāmah Majlisī
• Shaykh al-Hur al-Āmilī
• Shaykh Nasīr ad-Dīn Tūsi

---

External links

• Shaykh Tusi

Post Comment